The Feasibility and Applicability of Grounded Theory Methodology in Translation Studies: Developing Translator Competence

Anvarhaghighi, Mehrangiz; Farahzad, Farzaneh; Mollanazar, Hussein

doi:10.22049/jalda.2020.26934.1199

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

¹ Ph.D. Student of Translation Studies, Department of English Translation Studies, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran; Faculty Member of University College of Nabi Akram, Tabriz, Iran

² Full Professor of Translation Studies, Department of Translation Studies, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

³ Associate Professor of Translation Studies, Department of Translation Studies, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22049/jalda.2020.26934.1199

Abstract

The development of sociological approach to the study of translation makes it possible for the researchers to adopt different methodology to develop new theoretical formulations and concepts. These formulations are arrived at through the interaction with those being studied through the interpretation of real social world and meanings of the participants involved in the translation/social event. Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM) is ideally suited to areas of research where there should be an understanding of the social processes at work. However, the adoption of Grounded Theory (GT) approach in translation studies and translation education is rare if not inapplicable. The debates and suspicions for using GT in terms of its rigor are continuously confusing those who are relatively new to qualitative inductive research. The data collection and sampling anddata analysis in this methodology require high levels of rigor and reflection on the part of the researchers whose previous experience, assumptions, and the manner of transcription and data elicitation are very important, but are often neglected by some researchers.That is why the present paper tends to discuss some key arguable issues of undertaking and applying GT research for qualitative researchers in the area of translation. The paper provides a comprehensive review of GTM and its feasibility by demonstrating examples from a research project on constructing a model for developing translator competence. The project is part of the author’s doctoral study into conceptualizing the experience of the university students’ learning translation and their developing the translator competence. The present paper, however, intends to focus on the application and documentation of GTM in translation education. A review of literature on GT and the author’s practical experience of undertaking an empirical study into discipline form the approach to addressing the issue.

Keywords

20.1001.1.2383591.2020.8.2.12.8

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

امکان کاربست و عملیاتی کردن روش داده بنیاد در حوزه آموزش ترجمه و رشد توانش مترجم

Authors [Persian]

مهرانگیز انورحقیقی ¹
فرزانه فرحزاد ²
حسین ملانظر ³

¹ دانشجوی دکترای مطالعات ترجمه، گروه مطالعات ترجمه انگلیسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات فارسی و زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران،

² استاد کامل مطالعات ترجمه ، گروه مطالعات ترجمه انگلیسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات فارسی و زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

³ دانشیار مطالعات ترجمه، گروه مطالعات ترجمه انگلیسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات فارسی و زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

Abstract [Persian]

چکیده
کاربست رویکرد های جامعه شناختی در مطالعات ترجمه , پژوهشگران این حوزه را قادر به انتخاب روش های تحقیق نوینی نموده است که از طریق اعمال آن بتوانند مفاهیم جدید و نظریه های متفاوت و اختصاصی خود را خلق نمایند. چنین نظریه هایی , از طریق تعامل شخص محقق با افراد و جامعه آماری خود بدست می آید که حاصل تفسیر جهان اجتماعی و معانی تولید شده از طرف جامعه آماری در یک اتفاق اجتماعی از سوی پژوهشگر می باشد. روش داده بنیاد در انجام تحقیق در حوزه هایی که دانشی از فرایند های اجتماعی در آن اندک می باشد بسیار مناسب بوده ولیکن انتخاب روش داده بنیاد در مطالعات ترجمه اندک و در حوزه آموزش و تدریس ترجمه بسیار نادر است .با این حال این بدین معنا نیست که امکان کاربرد و عملیاتی شدن آن در حوزه ترجمه وجود ندارد. مباحث و تردید در کاربست روش داده بنیاد به لحاظ اعمال موشکافانه ودقیق قواعد و انظباط سخت پزوهشی در آن , پیوسته کار پژوهشگران نسبتا تازه کار در عرصه پژوهش های کیفی و استقرایی را دشوار کرده و موجبات سردرگمی آنها را فراهم نموده است.مفاله حاضر در وافع سعی دارد موضوعات اساسی - از قبیل کد گذاری و مفهوم سازی - در کاربست روش داده بنیاد را برای پژوهشگران کیفی در حوزه مطالعات ترجمه تبیین کند. همچنین نویسنده این مقاله سعی دارد با ارائه مواردی از تحقیق رساله دکتری خود در زمینه مفهوم سازی و تبدیل تجارب ترجمه آموزان دانشگاهی و فرایند کسب توانش از سوی آنها , مروری اجمالی بر فرایند انجام روش داده بنیاد داشته باشد. این مقاله حین ارائه تجارب و نظرات شخصی نگارنده , مناسبت, عملیاتی شدن و امکان کاربست آن روش در فرایند آموزش ترجمه را مورد بررسی قرارداده است.این مهم از طریق مطالعه عمیق ادبیات موجود و کلاسیک در عرصه روش داده بنیاد و تجربه عملی کاربست آن روش از سوی نگارنده در انجام پژوهش نظری انجام گرفته و نهایتا به تلفیق مفاهیمی انجامیده که در طول تحقیق ایجادشده و بشکل مدلی برای کسب توانش مترجم ظاهر شده است.

Keywords [Persian]

روش داده بنیاد
نظام کدگذاری
مفهوم سازی نظری
توانش مترجم

References

Angelelli, C. V. (2007).Assessing medical interpreters: The language and interpreting testing project.The Translator,13(1), 63-82.

Barnett, D. (2012). Constructing new theory for identifying students with emotional disturbance:A constructivist approach to grounded theory.The Grounded Theory Review, 11(1), 47-58.

Bassnett, S., &Bush, P. (2006).The translator as writer. London: Continuum.

Berman, A. (2004).Translation and the trials of the foreign. In L. Venuti (Ed.),The translation studies readers (pp. 240–53).London: Routledge.

Bernardini, S., &Castagnoli, S. (2008). Corpora for translator education and translation practice.In E. Y. Rodrigo (Ed.), Topics in language resources for translation andlocalization(pp.39-56). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Birks, M., & Mills, J. (2011).Grounded theory: A practical guide.London: Sage.

Chan, A. (2010). Perceived benefits of translator certification to stakeholders in the translation profession: A survey of vendor manager’s. Across Languages and Cultures, 11(1), 93-113.

Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitativeanalysis.London: Sage

Chen, H. Y., & Boore, J. R. P. (2009). Translation and back-translation in qualitative nursing

research: Methodological review.Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 234-239.

Chesterman, A. (2009).The name and nature of translator studies, Hermes, 42, 13- 22.

Clifford, A. (2004). Is fidelity ethical? The social role of healthcare interpreter.TTR, 17(2),89 -114.

Corbin, J., & Holt, N. L. (2005) Grounded theory.In B. Somekh & C. Lewin (Eds.), Research methods in the social sciences (pp. 49- 55). London: Sage.

Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. L. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedure for eveloping grounded theory. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

Glaser, B. G. (1978). Theoretical sensitivity: Advances in the methodology of grounded theory. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.

Glaser, B.G. (1992). Basics of grounded theory analysis: Emergence vs. forcing. Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.

Glaser, B.G. (1998). Doing grounded theory: Issues and discussions.Mill Valley: Sociology Press.

Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967).The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies forqualitative research. New York, NY: Aldine.

Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (2007).Ethnography: Principles in practice(3rd ed.).London: Routledge.

Holmes, J. S. (Ed.) (1970).The nature of translation: Essays on the theory and practice of literary translation. The Hague and Paris: Mouton.

Holt. N. (2008).Stories from the field.In B. Somekh & C. Lewin (Eds.),Research methodsin the social sciences(pp. 52- 55). London: Sage.

Holz-Mänttäri, J. (1984).Translatorischeshandeln: Theorie und method. Helsinki: SuomalainenTiedeakatemia.

Hunter, A., Murphy, K., Grealish, A., Casey, D., & Keady, J. (2011).Navigating the grounded theoryterrain.Part 1.Nurse Researcher, 18(4), 6-10.

Inghilleri, M.(2005).Bourdieu and the sociology of translation and interpreting.special Issue of The Translator, 11(2), 125- 145.

Johnston, T.L. (2009). Marketing for acceptance.The Grounded Theory Review, 8(3),19-28.

Kelle, U. (2011). “‘Emergence’ oder ‘forcing’? EinigemethodologischeÜberlegungenzueinemzentralen problem der grounded theory”. In G. Mey & K. Mruck (Eds.),Grounded theory reader (2^nded.), (pp. 235–260). Wiesbaden: VSVerlagfürSozialwissenschaften.

Kruse, J. (2010).Reader “Einführung in die qualitative interviewforschung”.Freiburg.Retrieved from www.qualitativeworkshops.de/index.php/reader.

Kuckartz, U. (2010). Einführung in die computergestützteanalysequalitativerdaten (3^rded.). Wiesbaden: VS VerlagfürSozialwissenschaften.

Larkin, P. J., de Casterlé, B. D., &Schotsmans, P. (2007). Multilingual translationissues in qualitative research: Reflections on a metaphorical process.Qualitative HealthResearch, 17,468-476.

Mey, G., & Mruck, K. (2009).Methodologie und methodik der grounded theory. In W. Kempf& M. Kiefer (Eds.),Forschungsmethodender psychologie.Zwischenna‐turwissenschaftlichem experiment undsozialwissenschaftlicherhermeneutic (pp. 100–152). Band 3. Berlin: Regener.

Miles, M. B.,&Huberman, M. A. (1994): Qualitative data analysis: Anexpanded sourcebook. (2^nded.). Thousand Oaks/London/New Delhi: SAGE.

Munday, J. (2012).Introducing translation studies (3^rded.).London and New York: Routledge.

Nurjannah, I., Mills, J., Park, T., & Usher, K. (2014). Conducting a grounded theory study in a language other than English: Procedures for ensuring the integrity of translation.Sage Open,1(10),1- 13.

Oturu, K. (2011). Stigma in access to HIV treatment in African settings: The importance ofsocial connections. The Grounded Theory Review, 10(2), 185 -211

Parker, L.D., & Roffey, B. H. (1997). Methodological themes: Back to the drawing board: Revisiting grounded theory and the everyday accountant’s and manager’sreality.Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 10(2), 212-47.

Pickard, A.J. (2007).Research methods in information. London: facet.

Pym, A. (2014).Exploring translation theories. London and New York:Routledge.

Robinson, D. (1991).The translator’s turn. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

Saldanha, G., &O’Brien, S. (2013).Research methodologies in translation studies.Manchester: St Jerome.

Schäffner, C. (1994).Translation research and interpreting research: Traditions, gaps and synergies.Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Schäffner, C. (1998). Action (Theory of “translatorial action”).In M. Baker & K. Malmkjær(Eds.). pp. 3–5.

Schleiermacher, F. (1813).On the different methods of translating. In L. Venuti (Ed.),The translation studies reader (pp. 43-63). London and New York: Routledge.

Simon, S. (1996).Gender in translation: Cultural identity and the politics of transmission.London and New York: Routledge.

Smith, H. J., Chen, J., & Liu, X. (2008). Language and rigor in qualitative research: Problems and principles in analyzing data collected in Mandarin. BMC Medical Research Methodology,8, 21- 43

Stillman, S. B. (2011). Working the system: School counselors aligning to advantage.The Grounded Theory Review, 10(2),113- 132.

Strauss, A. L. (1987). Qualitative analysis for social scientists.New York: Cambridge UniversityPress.

Strauss, A. L. (1998).Basics of qualitative research:Grounded theory procedures and techniques (2^nded.).Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (1990).Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques.Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Suh, E. E., Kagan, S., & Strumpf, N. (2009). Cultural competence in qualitative interview methods with Asian immigrants.Journal of TransculturalNursing, 20, 194-201.

Thulesius, H. O. (2009). On-the-job ethics -Proximity morality forming in medicalschool: A grounded theory analysis using survey data. The GroundedTheory Review, 8(1), 17-31.

Torikai, K. (2011). Conference interpreters and their perception of culture: From the narratives of Japanese pioneers.Translation and Interpreting Studies, 5(1),75–93.

Tymoczko, M. (2003).Ideology and the position of the translator: In what sense is a translator “in between”? In M. C. Perez (Ed.), Apropos of ideology: Translation studies on ideology - ideologies in translation studies(pp. 181–201).Manchester: St Jerome.

Venuti, L. (2008).The translator’s invisibility: A history of translation. London and New York: Routledge.

Venuti, L. (Ed.) (2012).The translation studies reader (3^rded.). London and New York: Routledge

vonOertzen, J. (2006). Grounded theory.In J.Gschwend, T. Schindler, D.Schnapp& K. Uwe (Eds.),Methoden derPolitikwissenschaft.Neuerequalitati‐ve und quantitative Analyseverfahren(pp.145 154). Baden‐Baden: Nomos.

Weber, O., Pascal, S.,&Patrice, G. (2005).Gender and interpreting in the medical sphere: What is at stake? In J. Santaemilia (Ed.),Gender and empirical writing: Methods and applications(pp. 107–130).Amsterdam: Elsier.

Wolf, M. (2012). The sociology of translation and its “activist turn”.Translation andInterpreting Studies, 7(2), 129–43.

Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances

The Feasibility and Applicability of Grounded Theory Methodology in Translation Studies: Developing Translator Competence

References

References

Volume 8, Issue 2 - Serial Number 16
October 2020
Pages 197-217

The Feasibility and Applicability of Grounded Theory Methodology in Translation Studies: Developing Translator Competence

References

References

Volume 8, Issue 2 - Serial Number 16October 2020Pages 197-217

Volume 8, Issue 2 - Serial Number 16
October 2020
Pages 197-217