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Wrestling With Gender: Gender and Gender-Neutrality in the Mirror of the History of Scholarship

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 M.A. in English Language and Literature, University of Tabriz

2 Assistant Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

The history of feminism and gender studies is fraught with constant struggles to find applicable definitions for sex, gender, and sexuality, and understand their relationships and differences. This paper attempts to go through various theories in this regard, tracing their variations and evolutions through time, with a particular focus on gender elimination and discrimination. Some important issues explored in this research include experimentation with language, scientific investigations, and sociological research in the hope of defining and combating gender. Moreover, some manifestation of gender-neutrality patterns in literary works throughout ages and among nations have been represented in various degrees. The survey at hand, drawing on Foucault and Butler’s theories on power and gender performativity, asserts the relative independence of sex, sexuality, and gender from each other as well as the nonessential role of them in the game of discrimination, relegating this role instead to power relations and personal perceptions. Literature, with its vast imaginative capacities and persuasive force, has been introduced as the site where all these intellectual endeavors of various fields about gender have converged, creating metaphors for a possible discrimination-free world, and effecting inevitable changes in the perceptions of their readers.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

چالشِ جنسیت: جنسیت و جنسیت خنثی در آینه تاریخِ ذهن

Authors [Persian]

  • فرشته حدیثی 1
  • فیروزه عامری 2

1 کارشناس ارشد زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استادیار گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکده ادبیات فارسی و زبانهای خارجی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

Abstract [Persian]

در این مقاله به مقوله ی جنسیت، تعریف متفاوت و متناقض آن ها در طول تاریخ، عملکرد مضاعف و روابط آنها به عنوان وسیله ای جهت تحلیل موضوعات عمقی تر پرداخته شده است. در این مقاله به مباحث بین منتقدان در حیطه ی زبان و تعاریف و تفاوت های پایه های هویت فردی از طریق بررسی تئوری های منتقدان و آزمایشات علمی در این حیطه و نگاه به جنسیت های غیر معمول؛ بخصوص جنسیت خنثی پرداخته شده است. تمامی این نظریه ها در طول تاریخ با ادبیات ادغام و به شکل آثار ادبی درآمده اند، که در گذر زمان شفاف تر و روانشناسانه تر شده و در سال های اخیر به سرعت از طریق روش هایی در اختیار افراد قرار می گیرند. در این مقاله از تئوری های میشل فوکو و جودیت باتلر در خصوص قدرت و پرفورمتیویته جنسیت برای جامع سازی این مطالعه و با هدف دریافت ارتباط بین نبود جنسیت، تبعیض و قدرت بود سنجیده شده است که به اولیت قدرت در تمامی جوامع و درک شخصی خوانندگان ختم می شود. بررسی احتمال وقوع جهان آیده آل عاری از مرد و زن در مقایسه با آثار ادبی، به درک بهتر اقدامات عملی در راستای حذف درونی جنسیت که از طریق حذف استعاری آن در ذهن خوانندگان و آیندگان میسر میگردد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • تبعیض
  • فمینیسم
  • جنسیت خنثی
  • جودیث باتلر
  • میشل فوکو
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Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances
Volume 9, Issue 2 - Serial Number 18
October 2021
Pages 235-250
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History
  • Receive Date: 02 December 2020
  • Revise Date: 17 April 2021
  • Accept Date: 23 October 2021
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