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Collectivizing an Orientation to Turn-Allocation as a Learnable Through Pre-Task Planning

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Special Faculty Member, Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America

2 Associate Professor of Second Language Acquisition and Associate Department Head, Department of Modern Languages, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America

Abstract

Pre-task planning has been extensively studied in task-based language teaching research, but a limited number of studies to date has explored the phenomenon through a sociocultural theory lens. In this article, we report on pre-task planning from a Vygotskian group-as-collective perspective by examining its mediational role during dynamic strategic interaction scenario tasks (DSISs) implemented in a first semester elementary-level US university Spanish classroom. DSISs involve pre-task planning, small group performances in front of the class, and post-task debriefings in which peer and instructor comments are immediately provided. Drawing on Vygotsky’s (1978) genetic method of analysis, we first show how turn-allocation emerged as an object of learning during the first debriefing, which was the result of pre-task planning and students’ observations following the first group performance. Second, we provide an account of the microgenesis of the debriefing observations through an analysis of planning tasks and the instructor’s framing and modeling of appropriate feedback, which we contend mediated students’ orientation to turn-allocation as a relevant learnable. In concluding, we discuss our findings, their research and pedagogical implications, and future directions for instructed research on L2 speaking development.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

جمعی سازی سوگیری برای تخصیص نوبت به‌ عنوان آموختنی به کمک برنامه‌ریزی پیش از تکلیف

Authors [Persian]

  • دکتر نوریا بلستروس سوریا 1
  • دکتر آدام ون کمپرنول 2

1 عضو هیأت علمی ویژه، دانشکدۀ علوم انسانی و اجتماعی دیتریخ، دانشگاه کارنجی ملون، پیتزبورگ، ایالات متحدۀ آمریکا

2 دانشیار فراگیری زبان دوم، گروه زبانهای نو، دانشگاه کارنجی ملون، پیتزبورگ، ایالات متحدۀ آمریکا

Abstract [Persian]

با وجود اینکه "برنامه ریزی پیش از اجرای تکلیف" به طور گسترده در تحقیقات آموزش زبان تکلیف-محور مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است، تعداد محدودی از مطالعات تا به امروز این پدیده را از دیدگاه نظریه اجتماعی-فرهنگی بررسی کرده ­اند. مقاله حاضر گزارشی از اجرای برنامه­ ریزی پیش از اجرای تکلیف از منظر دیدگاه "گروه بمثابه جمع" منتسب به ویگوتسکی است که با تمرکز بر نقش میانجی­گری این نوع برنامه­ ریزی در حین اجرای تکالیف موسوم به سناریو تعامل استراتژیک پویا (DSIS) و در کلاس درس سطح پایۀ زبان اسپانیایی دانشجویان آمریکایی ترم اولی اجرا شده است. تکالیف معروف به سناریو تعامل استراتژیک پویا شامل برنامه‌ریزی قبل از اجرای تکلیف، اجرای تکلیف توسط گروه‌های کوچک در جلوی کلاس، و جلسات بررسی متعاقب تکلیف است که در آن نظرات همتایان و معلمان بلافاصله پیش رو گذاشته می‌شود. با تکیه بر روش تجزیه و تحلیل ژنتیکی ویگوتسکی (1978)، ابتدا نشان می‌دهیم که چگونه "تخصیص نوبت" به عنوان یک موضوع یادگیری در طول اولین جلسه توجیهی پدیدار می­شود که به نظر می­رسد نتیجه برنامه‌ریزی قبل از تکلیف و مشاهدات دانش‌آموزان پس از اجرای اولین گروه بوده باشد. در ادامه، از طریق تجزیه و تحلیل برنامه‌ریزی تکالیف و بررسی نحوۀ چارچوب‌بندی و مدل‌سازی بازخورد مناسب توسط معلم، به توضیح چگونگی زایش مشاهدات توجیهی می­پردازیم با این باور که می­توان سوگیری زبان­ آموز میانجی­گری شده به سمت تخصیص نوبت را یک آموختنی مرتبط تلقی نمود. در پایان، به بحث در مورد نتایج تحقیق، کاربردهای پژوهشی و آموزشی آن‌ها و پیشنهاداتی در زمینۀ تحقیقات آموزش-محور پیرامون توسعۀ مهارت گفتاری در زبان دوم می­پردازیم.

Keywords [Persian]

  • سناریو تعامل استراتژیک پویا
  • برنامه ریزی قبل از اجرای تکلیف
  • آموزش زبان مبتنی بر تکلیف
  • نظریه اجتماعی-فرهنگی
  • تخصیص نوبت
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Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances
Volume 11, Issue 2 - Serial Number 22
Special Issue
October 2023
Pages 133-160
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History
  • Receive Date: 22 December 2022
  • Revise Date: 28 March 2023
  • Accept Date: 28 March 2023
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