3. Applied Literature
Hossein Davari; Samira Sasani
Abstract
Exposing the concealed truth beneath the ideological appearance lies at the heart of the anti-capitalist plays written in the 20th century. Hare (1978) aspired to fulfil this social function by writing one of his masterpieces, Plenty. In this play, Hare creates a milieu of the clash between the main ...
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Exposing the concealed truth beneath the ideological appearance lies at the heart of the anti-capitalist plays written in the 20th century. Hare (1978) aspired to fulfil this social function by writing one of his masterpieces, Plenty. In this play, Hare creates a milieu of the clash between the main rebellious female characters and the overwhelming stains of a patriarchal context. He shows the interaction of the characters and the repressive context which changes the characters’ consciousness and identity. The present article offers a dialectical analysis to delineate the changes that occur both in the characters and the context in three successive decades (1943-1962). It is argued that such developments are viewed both as positive and negative because the rebellious characters of this play exhibit progression and degradation simultaneously. This paper aims to demonstrate how, as a social critique and committed writer, Hare reveals the true state of post-war England. The writer’s goal is to change the audience’s consciousness. He dispels the illusion of post-war peace and abundance which was believed by conservative, idealistic, and reactionary men. To do so, Hare contrasts male figures with rebellious and progressive women who act as history makers and represent the future of England.
3. Applied Literature
Alireza Soleimani; Maghsoud Esmaili Kordlar; Bahloul Salmani
Abstract
Guin’s (1972) The Word for the World Is Forest was written when the social awareness against all forms of dystopian values such as rational dualistic values, patriarchal hierarchy, anthropocentric instrumentality, and all forms of oppression and exploitation was promoted by modern ecological ...
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Guin’s (1972) The Word for the World Is Forest was written when the social awareness against all forms of dystopian values such as rational dualistic values, patriarchal hierarchy, anthropocentric instrumentality, and all forms of oppression and exploitation was promoted by modern ecological movements and the new wave of feminism in the 1960s and 1970s. Guin’s speculative novella challenges the above-mentioned dystopian values and suggests an ecological ethics which include principles such as respect, care, love, mutuality, friendship, interdependency, equality, freedom, solidarity , responsibility, and the interrelationship between man and nature; it recognizes the differences and diversity of all the living and nonliving members of nature. To reach these ethical principles human beings need undergo a fundamental change and transformation in their way of thinking and their belief system all in all, which will result in a healthy society and ecosystem and a better place for life for the members of nature. This paper is a study of such a strategy in Guin’s (1972) The Word for the World Is Forest by benefiting from the theories set forth by ecofeminist philosophers Warren (2000), Plumwood (1993), and Merchant (1990) to show how the writer manifests the patterns of domination and oppression of nature and what kind of ecological ethics are emphasized in order to help man save life on Earth.
